Merging two similar things is something we do all the time. We do this when we categorise objects with similar characteristics (using the dominant characteristic as the go-to label) because it’s easier for us in the end to pull out what we need. Similarly, it’s easier for the tongue to merge two letters, and sound out the one with the more dominant characteristic. This ruling is called idghaam.
Idghaam Al-‘aam: the common/general idghaam is to sound the first of two letters as the second – sounding the two letters as one letter with a shaddah on it. This common idghaam has two branches: kabeer (large) and sagheer (small).
Al-Idghaam Al-kabeer: occurs when a voweled letter precedes another voweled letter such that they become one letter with a shaddah on it.
Al-Idghaam Al-sagheer: occurs when a saakin letter precedes a voweled letter, such that they become one letter with a shaddah on it. Al-idghaam al-sagheer has three categories, these are
Mutamaathil – Mutajaanis – Mutaqaarib
We will study these in greater detail. First let’s look at Al-idghaam al-kabeer.
Al-idghaam al-kabeer occurs only when two of the same letters meet within a word – both letters are voweled, and therefore must be said as one letter with a shaddah on it.
Examples of this idghaam are as follows:
لَا تَأْمَنَّا
la ta’mannaa – originally ( تأمنُنَا )
مَا مَكَّنِّي
ma makannee – originally ( مكنَنِي )
تَأْمُرُونِّي
ta’muroonnee – originally( تأمرونَنِي )
Let’s note the first example also involves a tajweed rule, Ishmaam. I haven’t covered this yet, and will do soon, insha Allah. What we should focus on now though, is merging the two letters, sounding a shaddah, and by principle, a ghunnah.
Al-idghaam al-sagheer happens when a voweled letter follows a saakin letter. This idghaam is under three categories. These categories define when an idghaam sagheer occurs. They are:
Mutamaathil: when the letters being merged come from the same makhraj (point of articulation), and have the same sifah (characteristic). Examples:
إِذَا طَلَعَتْ تَزَاوَرُ
Ithaa tala‘at tazaawaru
إِذ ذَهَبَ
Ith-thahaba
اذْهَب بِكِتَابِي
Ith-hab bikitaabee
وَقَد دَخَلُوا
Wa qad dakhaloo
يُدْرِكْكُمُ
Yudrikkum
قُلْ لَا
Qul laa
فَلَا يُسْرِفْ فِي الْقَتْلِ
Falaa yusrif fil-qatl
جَاءَتْكُمْ مَوْعِظَةٌ
Jaa’akum maw’ithatun
لَنْ نَصْبِرَ
Lan nasbira
عَفَوْا وَقَالُوا
‘Afaw wa qaaloo
Note: the last example happens on a consonant waaw. If the first word ends in a waaw or yaa’ maddeeyah, then this ruling does not apply, and a shaddah must not be sounded on the second waaw/yaa.
Mutaqaarib: when the letters being merged come from two makhaarij – close in proximity, and have different (but similar) sifaat. Examples:
The letter qaaf and kaaf
نَخْلُقْكُمْ
read: nakhlukkum
The letter laam and raa’
وَقُلْ رَبِّ
read: wa qurrabbi
The letter noon with the letters waaw, yaa’, raa’, meem, laam ( و يرمل from the noon saakinah ruling)
مِنْ يَوْمِهِمُ
miyyawmihim
Mutajaanis: when the letters being merged come from the same makhraj, but have different sifaat. This occurs for the nat‘eeyah, lathaweeyah and shafaweeyah letters.
The nat‘eeyah letters:
– merging happens to the taa’ ت and taa’ ط and vice versa
وَدَّتْ طَائِفَةٌ
waddat taa’ifatun (read: ودطّائفة )
فَرَّطْتُمْ
farrattum (read: فرطتم )
– merging happens to the taa’ ت and daal د and vice versa
أَثْقَلَتْ دَعَوَا
athqalad-da’awaa (read: أثقلدَّعَوَا )
قَدْ تَبَيَّنَ
qat-tabayyana (read: قتَّبَيَّنَ )
Note, the first example has a little ط in it. This is because the tongue should be pushed up completely against the hard palate as though you are going to pronounce the taa’ – however it should not be sounded.
The lathaweeyah letters:
– merging happens to the thaa’ ث and thaal ذ
يَلْهَثْ ذَلِكَ
yalhath-thaalika (read: يلهذّلك )
– merging happens to the thaal ذ and thaa’ ظ
إِذْ ظَلَمُوا
Ith-thalamoo (read: إظَّلموا )
The shafaweeyah letters:
– merging happens to the baa’ ب and meem م
ارْكَبْ مَعَنَا
Irkamma‘anaa (read: اركمَّعنا )
This wraps it up for the idghaam ruling. Keep in mind that there is idghaam for the noon and meem saakinah rules. And idghaam kaamel and naaqis for the noon saakinah rulings in particular.
Resources link:
–Idghaam [Tajweed Basics: Foundations and More: page 12]
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According to a Hadith from Sahih al-Bukhari, Qadr encompasses both the good and the evil, contributing to a Muslim’s resilience and hope during challenging times. "...Everything is predetermined by Allah, even laziness and intelligence." (Sahih al-Bukhari 6614) In addition, Islam emphasizes the concept of Akhlaq, or good moral conduct. As illustrated in the Quran, "...do what is beautiful. Allah loves those who do what is beautiful." (Quran, 2:195). These teachings stir inspiration and encourage a morally grounded lifestyle. Practice of Islam: An All-Encompassing Way of Life Practice in Islam goes beyond religious rituals, encapsulating every aspect of daily life. It’s a holistic approach, incorporating aspects of ethics, spirituality, and societal interactions. From business ethics to family ties and environmental stewardship, all spheres of life are governed by the principles of Islam, fostering a harmonious existence for both the individual and the community. Islamic teachings inspire Muslims to continuously strive for growth, improvement and to contribute positively to society. An example can be found in the hadith: "The best people are those most beneficial to people" (Sahih Muslim 2588). Insha'Allah, such principles nurture a sense of hope and serve as a living testament to the universality and comprehensiveness of Islam. Further Understanding Islam While this post delves into some aspects of Islam beyond the commonly understood facets, there's more to learn. Here at IQRA Network, we invite you to further explore Islam's beliefs and practices, continuing on this journey of understanding, hope, and inspiration. More sections can be added to delve into the various sub-themes and topics that arise when exploring 'what is Islam other beliefs?' Social Aspects of Islam Islam is not just about a personal relationship with the divine but also connects Muslims socially and ethically. 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Islam and Family Life Family occupies a central role in the social structure of Islam. Establishing harmonious family relations provides a secure and nurturing environment, promoting peace and stability. As the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "The best of you is the one who is best to his family..." (Jami` at-Tirmidhi 3252). SubhanAllah, these teachings resonate with the values of love, respect, and care. The Quran also sheds light on the mutual rights and responsibilities of family members, contributing to a balanced family system. For instance, it emphasizes upon children's respect for parents, with the verse, "...do not say to them [so much as], 'uff,' and do not repel them but speak to them a noble word." (Quran, 17:23). So, exploring 'what is Islam other beliefs?' unveils a comprehensive framework that guides individuals in fulfilling their familial roles effectively, creating a harmonious society. Women's Rights in Islam Contrary to popular misconceptions, Islam holds women in high esteem, offering them a balance of rights and responsibilities. The Quran highlights the importance of women's rights and their equal standing with men: "And their Lord responded to them, 'Never will I allow to be lost the work of [any] worker among you, whether male or female; you are of one another...'" (Quran, 3:195). Masha'Allah, Islam promotes equality, advocating for women's participation in various aspects of life, from religious to social and economic spheres. The Prophetic tradition also underlines the respect and kindness due to women. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) taught, "The best among you are those who are best to their wives." (Ibn Majah Vol. 3, Book 9, Hadith 1978). These teachings of equity and respect add another layer as we explore 'what is Islam other beliefs?'. Conclusion Providing a snapshot of 'what is Islam other beliefs?' uncovers a rich and comprehensive way of life that extends beyond prayer and fasting. Islam offers guidance on various aspects of life, encompassing belief systems and practices that inspire hope and promote spiritual, moral, and social well-being. It encourages peace, promotes knowledge and charity, respects diversity, advocates environmental stewardship, upholds family values, and emphasises health and hygiene. As we delve deeper into the teachings of Islam, we appreciate its universality and inclusiveness, recognizing how its practices nourish the mind, heart, and soul. Insha'Allah, as we study and reflect upon these teachings at IQRA Network, we navigate a path filled with wisdom, benefiting ourselves and those around us.](https://iqranetwork.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Beliefs-and-Practices.png)
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